Fungal diseases
1-Peacok spot

          -The disease also known as olive leaf spot and Birds-eye spot.

          -Peacock spot develops with high humidity and rain.

The Causal organism:   Cycloconium oleaginum

Symptoms:

          -Symptoms first appears as small spot blotches on the leaves that later become muddy green to black, often with a yellow halo.

          -often the leaves drop prematurely

Control:

          USE 
          AMISTAR           40cm/100L.W

2-Cercospora leaf mould

          This disease often occurs together with peacock spot

The Causal organism:   Cercospora Cladosporioides

Symptoms:

          -The first sings are grey blotches on the underside of the leaves.

          -The top of the leaves will yellow, and defoliation occurs

Control:

          USE
          AMISTAR           40cm/100L.W

3-Verticillium wilt

The Causal organism:   Verticillium dahllae

Symptoms:

          -Initially one or more branches will yellow and wilt, usually early in the growing season.

          -As the disease progress, the tree will eventually die.

Control:

          -Use disease free planting material

          -Avoid planting into ground previously planted to alterative hosts of the fungus (cotton, stone fruit, potatoes and tomatoes).

          -Avoid soil movement from infected areas to non-infected areas.

4-Phytophthora root rot

          There are 7 different species have so far been identified as causing problems with olives, usually where excessively wet soils, clay-panning or poor drainage was a problem.

The Causal organism:   Phytophthora spp.

Symptoms:

          -The pathogens causes root rot, stem and crown cankers.

          -Leaves wilt, yellow and may drops.

          -Trees may die suddenly or slowly decline over several years.

Control:

          -Avoid water and excessive irrigation.

          -Avoid soil movement from infested areas to non infested areas.

1- Olive American Plum Borer

The Causal organism:   Euzophera semifuneralis

Description of the pest:

The adult moth is gray a wing expanse of 0.75 to 1 inch and brown and black markings on the wings. Adult females lay eggs near where callous tissue has developed, such as at pruning wounds, crown galls, or scaffold crotches. Larvae bore into the tree to feed on vascular tissue. Mature caterpillars are dusky white or pinkish and are about 1 inch long. American plum borer over winters in a protective cocoon spun in a sheltered location on the tree, pupation takes place in spring. There are three to four generations each year.

Symptoms:

          Larvae attack soft, spongy, callus like tissue, which occur around injured wood.

Control:

          NOMOLT           50cm/100L.W

2-Olive branch and twig borer

The Causal organism:   Melalgus confertus

Description of the pest:

          The branch and twig borer adult is a 0.3 to0.6 inch long beetle, mostly black with brown wing covers. The C-shaped, white fine hair. There is one generation per year.

Symptoms:

          Adults bore small, round holes at the base of buds or axils of twigs injures by sun bum. Eggs are laid at these locations in early May and grubs bore into the heartwood, where they live for a year or more. Twigs break at location of the injury. Oak and grape are the preferred hosts; olive damage may occur when trees are located next to these sources.

Control:

          Use             
          NOMOLT           50cm/100L.W

3-Olive red scale

The Causal organism:   Aonidiella aurantii

Descr1iption of the pest:

          An armored scale, the California red scale is similar to olive scale and resembles a small encrustation on the plant. The adult female has a thin, circular shell 0.10 inch in diameter .The reddish body color is visible through the shell. When mature, females produce 100 to150 eggs. Crawlers hatch and emerge from under the female cover at a rate of two to three per day. Crawlers move around to find a suitable place to settle and can be spread about by wind, birds, or picking crews. There are several generations a year.

Symptoms:

                California red scale does not discolor fruit, which distinguishes its damage from that of olive scale and oleander scale. All parts of the olive tree are infested. Infested fruit are rendered worthless.

Control:

          Use    APPLAUD                     75cm/100L.W

OR    MOSPILAN                 15g/100L.W

OR    ACTELLIC                  150cm /100L.W

4- Olive fruit fly

The Causal organism:   Bactrocera oleae

Description of the Pest:

          Olive fruit fly poses a serious threat to the California table olive and olive oil industries. Olives grown by homeowner for home curing or oil are equally at risk. A native of eastern Africa, it is considered the most damaging pest of olives in southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. The olive fruit fly was first detected in North America infesting olive fruits on landscape trees in Los Angeles country in November 1998. It can now be found throughout the state.

          The adult olive fruity fly is about 0.2 inch long with clear wings containing dark veins and a small dark spot at the wings tip. The head, thorax, and abdomen are brown with darker markings, and the thorax has several white or yellow patches on each side. The end of the male fly's abdomen that is blunt, whereas females have a large black ovipositor at the end of their abdomen that is visible to the naked eye. Larvae are yellowish whit maggots with pointed head. Mature larvae pupate in fruit in summer; in fall they leave the fruit and pupate in the soil under the tree. Larvae produced during late fall pupate in the soil, where they spend the winter.

Although the olive fruit fly does not have a true diapauses, development is sufficiently slowed during the winter that pupae produced in late fall do not emerge until the following spring. Olive fruit fly also over winters as larvae in fruit and to a lesser extent as adults and eggs.

          In spring, early emerging adults lay eggs in UN harvested fruit from the previous year's crop whereas later emerging (May-Jun) files can lay eggs directly into new fruit. Olive fruit files that do develop in UN harvested fruit from the previous year emerge to mate and lay eggs on the new olive crop (July-August) it is not necessary to have UN harvested fruit on trees, however, to get considerable damage by mid-summer. It is believed that at least three, possibly four, generations of olive fruit files could develop in various areas of California. In southern and costal areas such as San Diego country, development may be continues throughout the year

Symptoms

          Olive fruit fly larvae are the main stage causing damage and feed exclusively in olive fruits. Damage by olive fruit fly includes ovipositor "stings" on the fruit surface, fruit drop, or direct pulp destruction rendering fruits useless for canning. Larval feeding allows microorganisms to invade the fruit, causing rot and lower oil quality.

Control

          Use             
          ACTELLIC         150cm/100L.W

OR     NOMOLT           35 cm/100L.W